计算重构光谱分析仪研究进展

光谱测量广泛应用于科学研究及工业生产中，而传统光谱仪因体积庞大难以满足众多应用需求。近年来，快速发展的计算重构光谱分析仪因其具有紧凑小巧、高分辨率和大测量带宽等优势而成为研究热点。光波经过计算重构光谱分析仪后所产生的光斑图案与波长存在一一对应关系，因此采取合适的解调算法可以从生成的光斑图案中重构入射光谱信息。目前计算重构光谱仪已能实现am量级光谱分辨率以及数百nm的测量带宽。本综述介绍了目前各类型计算重构光谱分析仪的工作原理以及性能指标，探讨了不同类型计算重构光谱分析仪的优缺点，分析了进一步提升性能指标的方法，展示了一些基于计算重构光谱分析仪的应用，以及展望了其未来发展前景。     

构建吡喃骨架的双环化反应研究

吡喃骨架存在于Warfarin、Oxandrolone、(-)-Penicipyrone等天然产物中,在氧杂环化合物中扮演重要角色.通过单组分,两组分和多组分双环化反应来构建吡喃骨架得到了充分研究.对已有文献进行归纳总结,将为探寻更加绿色高效的吡喃合成新法指明方向.     

2021年诺贝尔物理学奖：复杂系统科学的新纪元

2021年度诺贝尔物理学奖授予3位科学家，以表彰他们“对理解复杂物理系统的开创性贡献”。真锅淑郎(Syukuro Manabe)和克劳斯?哈塞尔曼(Klaus Hasselmann)共同分享了1/2的奖金，获奖理由是“对地球气候建立物理模型、量化可变性并可靠地预测全球变暖”。乔治?帕里西 (Giorgio Parisi)获得另外1/2的奖金，获奖理由是“发现从原子到行星尺度的物理系统中无序和涨落之间的相互影响”。文章介绍了这几位科学家的工作以及他们的贡献。     

产学研协同发展、知识积累与技术创新效率——基于动态面板门限机理实证分析

基于产学研耦合协调度测度模型、数据包络分析模型以及动态面板门限回归模型，运用2013~2017年中国30个省市的面板数据，研究以知识积累为门限变量时，产学研协同发展水平对区域技术创新效率产生的影响。实证结果表明：当以知识积累水平为门限变量时，产学研协同发展水平与技术创新效率间存在明显的双门限效应；随着知识积累水平的提升，产学研协同发展水平对于技术创新效率的影响由负向影响转变为正向影响，且影响程度不断提升，进而可以划分低知识积累区间(KS≤0.324 0)、中知识积累区间(0.324 0＜KS≤2.021 2)及高知识积累区间(KS＞2.021 2)3种类型；中国各地区的知识积累水平存在明显的时间与空间异质性，处于低知识积累区间的地区多为西部偏远地区。因此应加强区域间知识与技术的扩散、吸收以及传承积累，加强中西部与东部地区的联动以促进区域技术创新效率的提升。     

基于LabVIEW与SQL server设计的浮标电源远程管理系统

针对现有海洋浮标缺乏对电源有效监控管理的问题，提出了一种基于LabVIEW与SQL server编程，结合C8051F021单片机硬件的方法，设计了岸站服务器的终端监控软件和安装于浮标上的硬件电路。通过网络或北斗通讯等实时通讯方式，实现对浮标上电源的实时监控和管理，提高了浮标电源的利用和管理的能力。     

Improved hemimorphite flotation using xanthate as a collector with S(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) activation

The flotation of hemimorphite using the S(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ)–xanthate process,which includes sulfidization with sodium sulfide,activation by lead cations,and subsequent flotation with xanthate,was investigated.The flotation results indicated that hemimorphite floats when the S(Ⅱ)–Pb(Ⅱ)–xanthate process is used; a maximum recovery of approximately 90% was obtained.Zeta-potential,contact-angle,scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry(SEM–EDS),and diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) measurements were used to characterize the activation products on the hemimorphite surface and their subsequent interaction with sodium butyl xanthate(SBX).The results showed that a Zn S coating formed on the hemimorphite surface after the sample was conditioned in an Na2 S solution.However,the formation of a Zn S coating on the hemimorphite surface did not improve hemimorphite flotation.With the subsequent addition of lead cations,Pb S species formed on the mineral surface.The formation of the Pb S species on the surface of hemimorphite significantly increased the adsorption capacity of SBX,forming lead xanthate(referred to as chemical adsorption) and leading to a substantial improvement in hemimorphite flotation.Our results indicate that the addition of lead cations is a critical step in the successful flotation of hemimorphite using the sulfidization–lead ion activation–xanthate process.     

Mechanical and corrosion properties of low-carbon steel prepared by friction stir processing

Low-carbon steel plates were successfully subjected to normal friction stir processing(NFSP) in air and submerged friction stir processing(SFSP) under water, and the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the NFSP and SFSP samples were investigated. Phase transformation and dynamic recrystallization resulted in fine-grained ferrite and martensite in the processed zone. The SFSP samples had smaller ferrites(5.1 μm), finer martensite laths(557 nm), and more uniform distribution of martensite compared to the NFSP samples. Compared to the base material(BM), the microhardness of the NFSP and SFSP samples increased by 19.8% and 27.1%, respectively because of the combined strengthening effects of grain refinement, phase transformation, and dislocation. The ultimate tensile strengths(UTSs) of the NFSP and SFSP samples increased by 27.1% and 38.7%, respectively. Grain refinement and martensite transformation also improved the electrochemical corrosion properties of the low-carbon steel. Overall, the SFSP samples had better mechanical properties and electrochemical corrosion resistance than the NFSP samples.     

重卡驱动桥壳疲劳稳健性与轻量化设计

驱动桥壳轻量化设计对于提高承载能力、降低生产成本具有重要的意义.本文在驱动桥壳有限元分析和疲劳分析计算的基础上建立驱动桥壳多目标优化模型，对重型卡车驱动桥壳进行参数化设计，建立正交试验表，利用田口方法和综合评价方法对驱动桥壳的疲劳性能稳健性和质量进行优化设计.优化结果表明，此方法可以应用于驱动桥壳的多目标优化，优化后驱动桥壳的疲劳稳健性能得到提高，减轻了质量，因此节约了桥壳材料，降低了生产和运营成本，提高了设计水平.     

糖尿病足部辅具研究进展

 糖尿病足是糖尿病患者最严重的并发症之一。设计合理的足部辅具可有效实现糖尿病患者足底高压区域卸载和足底压力分布优化，有助于降低足溃疡发生率和复发率、延缓足溃疡恶化和截肢周期。综述了糖尿病足部的评估方法、足部辅具的设计原则、制作技术以及临床应用效果，分析发现研究主要以糖尿病足部形状与破损情况为依据，通过结构设计、材料组合等实现降低足底压力峰值、保护足部的目的。然而，目前的糖尿病足部辅具仍需进一步结合足部生理参数监测、主动防护等功能，以更实时、准确地监测糖尿病足部健康水平，更智能、有效地维护足部健康。关键词糖尿病足；足部辅具；压力卸载；智能辅具     

Facile synthesis of flake-like dihydrate zinc oxalate particles

Monodispersed dihydrated zinc oxalate(ZnC_2O_4·2H_2O) particles with characteristic morphology were synthesized by aging a mixed solution of zinc nitrate(Zn(NO_3)_2) and sodium oxalate(Na_2C_2O_4) in the presence of a citrate ligand, with an average flat size of approximately 10–15 μm. The important parameters, including the solution pH values and the concentration of the zinc ions and citrate ligand, were investigated using a series of experiments. It is verified that the citrate ligand significantly affects the morphology of zinc oxalate particles, probably via its multiple roles of chelating, dispersing, and selective absorption. Thermodynamic equilibrium of the distribution of zinc species in an aqueous solution of Zn(Ⅱ)-citrate-oxalate-H_2O was estimated to explain the experimental results and to clarify the size and morphological evolution mechanism of the precipitated particles.